NCERT History Notes Class 6 to 12 Quick Revision PDF

Class: 6th – Our Pasts – I

• What, Where, How, and When?
• On the Trail of the Earliest People
• In the Earliest Cities
• What Books and Burials Tell Us
• Kingdoms, Kings, and the Early Republic
• New Questions and Ideas
• Ashoka, The Emperor who Gave up War
• Vital Villages, Thriving Towns
• Traders, Kings, and Pilgrims
• New Empires and Kingdoms
• Buildings, Paintings, and Books

Class: 7th – Our Pasts – II

• Tracing Changes through a Thousand Years
• New Kings and Kingdoms
• The Delhi Sultans
• The Mughal Empire
• Rulers and Buildings
• Towns, Traders, and Craftspersons
• Tribes, Nomads, and Settled Communities
• Devotional Paths to the Divine
• The Making of Regional Cultures
• Eighteenth-Century Political Formations

Class: 8th – Our Pasts – III

• How, When, and Where
• From Trade to Territory (The Company Establishes Power)
• Ruling the Countryside
• Tribals, Dikus, and the Vision of a Golden Age
• When People Rebel 1857 And After
• Weavers, Iron Smelters, and Factory Owners
• Civilising the “Native,” Educating the Nation
• Women, Caste, and Reform
• The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947
• India after Independence

Class: 9th – Indian And The Contemporary World – I

• The French Revolution
• Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
• Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
• Forest Society and Colonialism
• Pastoralists in the Modern World

Class: 10th – Indian and the Contemporary World – II

• The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
• Nationalism in India
• The Making of a Global World
• The Age of Industrialisation
• Print Culture and the Modern World

Class: 11 – Themes in World History

• Writing and City Life
• An Empire across Three Continents
• Central Islamic Islands
• Nomadic Empires
• The Three Orders
• Changing Cultural Traditions
• Confrontation of Cultures
• Industrial Revolution
• Displacing Indigenous Peoples
• Paths to Modernisation

Class: 12 – Themes in Indian History

• Bricks, Bread and Bones
• Kings Farmers and Towns (Early States and Economics)
• Kinship Caste and Class
• Thinker’s Belief and Buildings Culture Development
• Through the Eyes of Travellers
• Chapter: 6 – Bhakti Sufi Traditions
• Chapter: 7 – An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara
• Chapter: 8 – Peasant Zamindars and State
• Chapter: 9 – Kings and Chronicles
• Chapter: 10 – Countryside
• Chapter: 11 – Rebels and the Raj
• Chapter: 12 – Colonial Cities
• Chapter: 13 – Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement
• Chapter: 14 – Understanding Partition
• Chapter: 15 – Framing the Constitution

Our Pasts – I: Class 6th Chapter Wise NCERT Notes

Ch1 – What, Where, How, and When?

• Where Did People Live?
• Names of the Land
• Finding Out About The Past
• One Past or Many?
• What Do Dates Mean?

Ch2 – From Hunting – Gathering to Growing Food

• How Do We Know About Hunter-Gatherers?
• Choosing A Place to Live In
• Making Stone Tools
• Finding Out About Fire
• A Changing Environment
• The Beginnings of Farming and Herding
• A New Way of Life
• “Storing” Animals
• Finding Out About the First Farmers and Herders
• Towards A Settled Life
• What about Other Customs and Practices?
• A Closer Look- Living and Dying In Mehrgarh

Ch3 – In the Earliest Cities

• The Story of Harappa
• What Was Special About These Cities
• Houses, Drains, and Streets
• Life in the City
• New Crafts in the City
• In Search Of Raw Materials
• Food for People in the Cities
• A Closer Look – Harappan Towns in Gujarat
• The Mystery of the End

Ch4 – What Books and Burials Tell Us

• It one of the Oldest Books in the World
• How Historians Study the Rigveda
• Cattle, Horses, and Chariots
• Words to Describe People
• Silent Sentinels-The Story of the Megaliths
• Finding Out About Social Differences?
• Were Some Burial Spots Meant For Certain Families?
• A Special Burial at Inamgaon
• Occupations at Inamgaon

Ch5 – Kingdoms, Kingsand the Early Republic

• How Some Men Became Rulers
• Janapadas
• Mahajanapadas
• Taxes
• Changes in Agriculture
• A Closer Look- Magadha
• A Closer Look – Vaji

Ch6 – New Questions and Ideas

• The Story of Buddha
• Upanishads
• Jainism
• The Sangha
• Monasteries

Ch7 – From a Kingdom to an Empire

• A Very Big Kingdom = an Empire
• How Are Empires Different From Kingdoms?
• Ruling the Empire
• Ashoka, a Unique Ruler
• Ashoka’s War in Kalinga
• What Was Ashoka’s Dhamma?

Ch8 – Vital Villages, Thriving Towns

• Iron Tools and Agriculture
• Other Steps to Increase Production: Irrigation
• Who Lived In The Villages?
• Find Out About Cities: Stories, Travellers, Sculpture, and Archaeology
• Coins
• Cities with Many Functions
• Crafts and Crafts Persons
• A Closer Look – Arikamedu

Ch9 – New Empires and Kingdoms

• Prashant and What They Tell Us
• Samudragupta’s Prashasti
• Genealogies
• Harshavardhana and the Harshacharita
• The Pallavas, Chalukyas, and Pulakeshin’s Prashasti
• How Were These Kingdoms Administered?
• A New Kind of Army
• Assemblies in the Southern Kingdoms
• Ordinary People in the Kingdoms

Ch10 – Buildings, Paintings, and Books

• The Iron Pillar
• Buildings in Brick and Stone
• How Were Stupas And Temples Builts?
• Paintings
• The World of Books
• Recording and Preserving Old Stories
• Stories Told By Ordinary People
• Writing Books on Science

Class 7th – Our Pasts – II History Ncert Notes

Ch1 – Tracing Changes through A Thousand Years

• New and Old Terminologies
• Historians and Their Sources
• New Social and Political Groups
• Region and Empire
• Old and New Religions
• Thinking About Time and Historical Periods

Ch2 – New Kings and Kingdoms

• The Emergence of New Dynasties
• Administration in the Kingdoms
• Prashant and Land Grants
• Warfare for Wealth
• A Closer Look: The Cholas

Ch3 – The Delhi Sultans

• Findings Out About the Delhi Sultans
• From Garrison Town to Empire: The Expansion of the Delhi Sultanate
• The Masjid
• A Closer Look: Administration and Consolidation under the Khaljis and Tughluqs
• The Sultanate in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

Ch4 – The Mughal Empire

• Who Were The Mughals?
• Mughal Military Campaigns
• Mughal Traditions of Succession
• Mughal Relations with Other Rulers
• Mansabdars and Jagirdars
• Zabt and Zamindars
• A Closer Look: Akbar’s Policies
• The Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century and After

Ch5 – Tribes, Nomads, and Settled Communities

• Beyond Big Cities: Tribal Societies
• Who Were Tribal People?
• How Nomads and Mobile People Lived
• Changing Society: New Castes and Hierarchies
• A Closer Look
• Conclusion

Ch6 – Devotional Paths to the Divine

• The Idea of a Supreme God
• A New Kind of Bhakti in South India- Nayanars and Alvars
• Philosophy and Bhakti
• Basavanna’s Virashaivism
• The Saints of Maharashtra
• Nathpanthis, Siddhas, and Yogis
• Islam and Sufism
• New Religious Developments in North India
• A Closer Look: Kabir
• A Closer Look: Baba Guru Nanak

Ch7 – The Making of Regional Cultures

• The Cheras and the Development of Malayalam
• Rulers and Religious Traditions: The Jagannatha Cult
• The Rajputs and Traditions of Heroism
• Beyond Regional Frontiers: The Story Of Kathak
• Painting for Patrons: The Tradition of Miniatures
• A Closer Look: Bengal
• Pirs and Temples
• Fish as Food

Ch8 – Eighteenth-Century Political Formations

• The Crisis of the Empire and the Later Mughals
• The emergence of New States
• The Old Mughal Provinces
• The Watan Jagirs of the Rajputs
• Seizing Independence

Class 8th – Our Pasts – III History Ncert Notes

Ch1 – How, When, and Where

• How Important Are Dates?
• How Do We Know?

Ch2 – From Trade to Territory (The Company Establishes Power)

• East India Company Comes East
• Company Rule Expands
• Setting Up a New Administration
• Conclusion

Ch3 – Ruling the Countryside

• The Company Becomes the Diwan
• Crops for Europe
• The “Blue Rebellion” And After

Ch4 – Tribals, Dikus, and the Vision of a Golden Age

• How Did Tribal Groups Live?
• How Did Colonial Rule Affect Tribal Live?
• A Closer Look

Ch5 – When People Rebel 1857 And After

• Policies and the People
• A Mutiny Becomes a Popular Rebellion
• The Company Fights Back
• Aftermath

Ch6 – Civilising the “Native,” Educating the Nation

• How the British Saw Education
• What Happened To The Local Schools?

Ch7 – Women, Caste, and Reform

• Working towards Change
• Caste and Social Reform

Ch8 – The Making of the National Movement: 1870-1947

• The Emergence of Nationalism
• The Growth of Mass Nationalism
• The March to Dandi
• Quit India and Later

Class 9th – Indian And The Contemporary World – I History Ncert Notes

Ch1 – The French Revolution

• French Society during the Late 18th Century
• The Outbreak of the Revolution
• France Abolishes Monarchy and Becomes A Republic
• Did Women Have A Revolution?
• The Abolition of Slavery
• The Revolution and Everyday Life

Ch2 – Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

• The Age of Social Change
• The Russian Revolution
• The February Revolution in Petrograd
• What Changed After October?
• The Global Influence of the Russian Revolution and the USSR

Ch3 – Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

• Birth of the Weimar Republic
• Hitler’s Rise to Power
• The Nazi Worldview
• Youth in Nazi Germany
• Ordinary People and Crimes against Humanity

Ch4 – Forest Society and Colonialism

• Why Deforestation?
• The Rise of Commercial Forestry
• Rebellion in the Forest
• Forest Transformation in Java

Ch5 – Pastoralists in the Modern World

• Pastoral Nomads and Their Movements
• Colonial Rule and Pastoral Life
• Pastoralism in Africa

Class: 10th – Indian and the Contemporary World – II History Ncert Notes

Ch1 – The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

• The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation
• The Making of Nationalism in Europe
• The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848
• The Making of Germany and Italy
• Visualizing the Nation
• Nationalism and Imperialism

Ch2 – Nationalism in India

• The First World War, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement
• Differing Strands within the Movement
• Towards Civil Disobedience
• The Sense of Collective Belonging

Ch3 – The Making of a Global World

• The Pre-Modern World
• The Nineteenth Century (1815-1914)
• The Inter-War Economy
• Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-War Era

Ch4 – The Age of Industrialisation

• Before The Industrial Revolution
• Hand Labour and Steam Power
• Industrialization in the Colonies
• Factories Come Up
• The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
• Market for Goods

Ch5 – Print Culture and the Modern World

• The First Printed Books
• Print Comes To Europe
• The Print Revolution and Its Impact
• The Reading Mania
• The Nineteenth Century
• India and the World of Print
• Religious Reform and Public Debates
• New Forms of Publication
• Print and Censorship

Class 11 – Themes in World History History Ncert Notes

Ch1 – Writing and City Life

• Mesopotamia and Its Geography
• The Significance of Urbanisation
• Movement of Goods into Cities
• The Development of Writing
• System of Writing
• Literacy
• The Uses of Writing
• Urbanization in Southern Mesopotamia: Temples and Kings
• Life in the City
• A Trading Town in a Pastoral Zone
• Cities in Mesopotamian Culture
• The Legacy of Writing

Ch2 – An Empire across Three Continents

• The Early Empire
• The Third-Century Crisis
• Gender, Literacy, Culture
• Economic Expansion
• Controlling Workers
• Social Hierarchies
• Late Antiquity

Ch3 – Nomadic Empires

• Introduction
• Social and Political Background
• The Career of Genghis Khan
• The Mongols after Genghis Khan
• Social, Political, and Military Organisation
• Conclusion: Situating Genghis Khan Mongolia in World History

Ch4 – The Three Orders

• Introduction
• France and England
• The Three Orders
• The Second Order: The Nobility
• The Manorial Estate
• The Knights
• The First Order: The Clergy
• Monks
• The Church and Society
• The Third Order: Peasants, Free and Unfree
• Factors Affecting Social and Economic Relations.
• A ‘Fourth Order’ – New Towns and Townspeople
• Cathedral – Towns
• The Crisis of the Fourteenth Century
• Social Unrest
• Political Changes

Ch5 – Changing Cultural Traditions

• The Humanist View of History
• The Revival of Italian Cities
• The Arab’s Contribution
• Aspirations of Women
• Debate within Christianity

Ch6 – Displacing Indigenous Peoples

• European Imperialism
• North America
• Mutual Perceptions
• The Native Peoples Lose Their Land
• The Gold Rush and Growth of Industries
• Constitutional Rights
• Winds of Change
• Australia
• The Winds of Change

Ch7 – Paths to Modernisation

• Introduction
• Japan
• The Meiji Restoration
• Modernizing the Economy
• Aggressive Nationalism
• ‘Westernisation’ and ‘Tradition’
• After Defeat: Re-Emerging As a Global Economic Power
• China
• Establishing the Republic
• The Rise of the Communist Party of China
• Establishing the New Democracy 1949-65
• Conflicting Visions: 1965-78
• Reforms From 1978
• The Story of Taiwan
• The Story of Korea
• A Post-War Nation
• Rapid Industrialisation under Strong Leadership
• Continued Economic Growth and Calls for Democratisation
• Korean Democracy and the IMF Crisis
• Two Roads to Modernisation

Class 12 – Themes in Indian History History Ncert Notes

Ch1 – Bricks, Bread, and Bones

• Beginnings
• Subsistence Strategies
• Mohenjodaro: A Planned Urban City
• Tracking Social Differences
• Craft Production
• Strategies for Procuring Material
• Seals, Script, Weights
• Ancient Authority
• The End of the Civilisation
• Discovering the Harappan Civilisation
• Problems of Piecing Together The Past

Ch2 – Kings Farmers and Towns (Early States and Economics)

• Prinsep and Piyadassi
• The Earliest States
• An Early Empire
• New Notions of Kingship
• A Changing Countryside
• Towns and Trade
• Back To Basics How Are Inscriptions Deciphered?
• Limitations

Ch3 – Kinship Caste and Class

• The Critical Edition of the Mahabharata
• Kinship and Marriage Many Rules and Varied Practices
• Social Differences: Within and Beyond the Framework of Caste
• Beyond Birth Resources and Status
• Explaining Social Differences: A Social Contract
• Handling Texts Historians and the Mahabharata
• A Dynamic Text

Ch4 – Thinker’s Belief and Buildings Culture Development

• A Glimpse of Sanchi
• The Background: Sacrifices and Debates
• Beyond Wordly Pleasures: The Message Of Mahavira
• The Buddha and the Quest for Enlightenment and Teachings
• Stupas
• Sculpture
• New Religious Traditions
• Top of Form

Ch5 – Through the Eyes of Travellers

• Al-Biruni and the Kitab-Ul-Hind
• Ibn Battuta’s Rihla
• Francois Bernier A Doctor With a Difference
• Making Sense of an Alien World: Al-Biruni and the Sanskritic Tradition
• The Excitement of the Unfamiliar
• Bernier and the “Degenerate” East
• Women Slaves, Sati, and Labourers

Ch6 – Bhakti Sufi Traditions

• A Mosaic of Religious Beliefs and Practices
• Poems of Prayers Early Traditions of Bhakti
• The Virashaiva Tradition in Karnataka
• Religious Ferment in North India
• New Strands in the Fabric Islamic Traditions
• The Growth of Sufism
• The Chishtis in the Subcontinent
• New Devotional Paths Dialogue and Dissent in Northern India
• Reconstructing Histories of Religious Traditions
• Top of Form

Ch7 – An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara

• The Discovery of Hampi
• Rayas, Nayakas and Sultans
• Vijayanagara – The Capital and Its Environs
• The Royal Centre
• The Sacred Centre
• Plotting Palaces, Temples, and Bazaars
• Questions In Search Of Answers
• Top of Form

Ch8 – Peasant Zamindars and State

• Peasants and Agricultural Production
• The Village Community
• Women in Agrarian Society
• Forests and Tribes
• The Zamindars
• Land Revenue System
• The Flow of Silver
• The Ain-I Akbari of Abu’l Fazl Allami

Ch9 – Colonialism and Countryside

• Bengal and the Zamindars
• The Hoe and the Plough
• A Revolt in the Countryside: The Bombay Deccan
• The Deccan Riots Commission
• Top of Form

Ch10 – Rebels and the Raj

• A pattern of the Rebellion
• Awadh in Revolt
• What the Rebels Wanted
• Repression
• Images of the Revolt
• Top of Form

Ch11 – Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement

• A Leader Announces Himself
• The Making and Unmaking Of Non-Cooperation
• The Salt Satyagraha (A Case Study)
• Quit India
• The Last Heroic Days
• Knowing Gandhi
• Top of Form

Ch12 – Framing the Constitution

• A Tumultuous Time
• The Vision of the Constitution
• Defining Rights
• The Powers of the State
• The Language of the Nation